In my biased opinion, the difference between Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is in the way, how do they solve problems. AI seeks an optimal solution, while ML seeks a usable solution.
And this difference reflects in used tool sets. A typical tool for AI is logic, which is traditionally binary. On the other end probability, a common tool in ML, allows any value between 0 and 1.
The difference reflects in individual algorithms as well. A* is a representative algorithm from AI. It is an elegant algorithm that guaranties, that the returned is optimal. In contrast, neuron network, an algorithm from ML, doesn’t guaranty optimality of the solution at all. But it can tackle much wider range of problems than A*. And that is the reason, why ML is currently more popular and successful than AI. Despite all the hopes, it turned out we are unable to optimally solve many problems like voice or object recognition. All we can hope for is a good enough solution. And that is exactly the thing, where ML beats AI. ML is all about “how to get a usable solution”, while AI is about “how to get an optimal solution”. And when this optimal solution is unreachable, AI just gives up, while ML gives at least something.
neděle 28. září 2014
úterý 9. září 2014
Comparison of SAS data step and SQL
The default tool for ETL in SAS is data step. However, SAS also offers support for SQL. When to use which?
The main advantages of data step are:
The main advantages of data step are:
- Drop keyword. Let's imagine that you want to remove one column from a table with 2000 columns. In SQL you would have to name all columns you want to keep. But in data step it is enough to just name the column you don't want to include. Awesome.
- Wildcards. If you want to select all columns beginning with "pred_", all you have to do in data step is to write "pred_:" (note the column). In SQL you would have to write name of each predictor.
- Speed. SQL in SAS is not implemented overly effectively.
- LAG command. In SQL you have to perform a slow and cumbersome join to get the corresponding functionality.
The main advantages of SQL:
- Group by command. Simply because data step doesn't offer such functionality.
- Order by command. Again you can't sort directly in data step.
- Metadata. Queries on the metadata are so addictive!
středa 28. května 2014
Náboženství
Proč existují náboženství? Protože cílem každého náboženství je se rozšířit. A pokud to náhodou nebylo jeho cílem, tak takové náboženství v konkurenci ostatních zaniklo - mezi náboženstvími totiž existuje seleční tlak, podobně jako u živoucích organismů. Jak se náboženství šíři? Existují tři hlavní strategie:
A protože se objevili náboženství, která jsou životaschopnější, než ateismus, máme náboženství.
- válka (například křížové výpravy, spanilé jízdy nebo džihád mečem),
- populační exploze (odpor katolické církve k antikoncepci),
- atraktivita (slib posmrtného života, či znovuzrození).
A protože se objevili náboženství, která jsou životaschopnější, než ateismus, máme náboženství.
neděle 11. května 2014
Proč analytici jsou tak často horlezci?
- Když člověk celý den tráví v sedě, má potřebu protáhnout si svaly. Asi nejlepší sport na protažení všech svalů v těle je plavání. Pokud jste ale hubení, rychle ve vodě prochládáte. A tak hubení analytici často řeší bolesti zad druhým nejlepším sportem na protažení, horolezectvím.
- Pokud pracujete na dlouhodobých projektech, kde trvá léta, než se vyhodnotí vaše výsledky, schází vám (včasný) pocit euforie z dobře odvedené práce. U horolezectví ale máte okamžitý feedback - buď cestu vylezete, nebo ne.
- Jestliže jste analytik konzultant, jste děvka prodejná - pokaždé pracujete pro někoho jiného, někde jinde. A je tedy pro vás obtížné se pravidelně setkávat ke kolektivnímu sportu. Naštěstí ale, bouldering je individuální sport.
- V horách je nízká hustota zalidnění, a tak pokud jste přeučenými introverty, stává se z horolezectví vítaná záminka k útěku od civilizace.
- Lidi se dají rozdělit do dvou skupin - někteří preferují optimalizovat správnost odpovědi, jiní rychlost. Analytici obvykle inklinují k přesnosti a horolezectví je nejdřív o optimalizaci výběru cesty a až později o akčnosti. Naproti tomu squash, ten je nejdřívo akčnosti a až později o strategii. Proto obchodníci spíše preferují běh a squash.
neděle 20. dubna 2014
Hacker in the browser and other hacking ideas
If I was a hacker with the ability to modify web pages in the browser, I would modify the top of Wikipedia and ask people to donate. People accustomed to donations would donate again. But this time to my pocket. If it was synced with the real campaign it would be awesome.
Or if I was Microsoft and detected that two people communication over Skype (or other messenger) are in a relationship, I would suggest the male counterpart to send roses to his fiancé. It would be just a small bunch of roses. But the delivery would be guaranteed in the next 30 minutes for the current estimated location of the fiancé.
And to be even more devilish I would use the fiancé as the vector. I would show a pop-up to the fiancé saying: “Do you want to test your boyfriend? Show him an advertisement with one of the following buckets!” She would be presented with three simple options like snowdrops, violas and sunflowers. She would be thinking about the ad while chatting with the boyfriend and in the end she would click on one of the buckets because who would not like to test the love of the beloved one? And to make sure that the boyfriend is not going to disappoint her (man are notoriously unreliable) she would hinge the boyfriend to buy the flowers until she actually gets the bucket (women can get really persistent when they decide to get something). The poor boyfriend would be then forced to buy the overprized bucket because who the hell should bear all that morning of the fiancé about some stupid inedible vegetable? Sooner he gets over this the better.
The boyfriend would be stressed to buy the specific bucket. But for men it’s hard to multitask (search for a cheaper delivery while chatting with his fiancé). And it would be ridiculously hard to find a delivery with that specific flower (Why the hell didn’t she want roses?!) and even harder to find deliver able to deliver the bucket in less than 30 minutes. Simply Machiavellous.
Or if I was Microsoft and detected that two people communication over Skype (or other messenger) are in a relationship, I would suggest the male counterpart to send roses to his fiancé. It would be just a small bunch of roses. But the delivery would be guaranteed in the next 30 minutes for the current estimated location of the fiancé.
And to be even more devilish I would use the fiancé as the vector. I would show a pop-up to the fiancé saying: “Do you want to test your boyfriend? Show him an advertisement with one of the following buckets!” She would be presented with three simple options like snowdrops, violas and sunflowers. She would be thinking about the ad while chatting with the boyfriend and in the end she would click on one of the buckets because who would not like to test the love of the beloved one? And to make sure that the boyfriend is not going to disappoint her (man are notoriously unreliable) she would hinge the boyfriend to buy the flowers until she actually gets the bucket (women can get really persistent when they decide to get something). The poor boyfriend would be then forced to buy the overprized bucket because who the hell should bear all that morning of the fiancé about some stupid inedible vegetable? Sooner he gets over this the better.
The boyfriend would be stressed to buy the specific bucket. But for men it’s hard to multitask (search for a cheaper delivery while chatting with his fiancé). And it would be ridiculously hard to find a delivery with that specific flower (Why the hell didn’t she want roses?!) and even harder to find deliver able to deliver the bucket in less than 30 minutes. Simply Machiavellous.
sobota 15. února 2014
Camera sensor
Recently I have noticed that someone patented a layout of sensors at camera chip that was better tuned to sensitivity of eye. Particularly the patented chip was combining colorless sensors with color sensors. This combination makes sense since human eye is more sensitive to luminance than color. Furthermore the resulting pictures are less noisy because colorless sensors do not filter light.
Nevertheless, the presented design doesn’t exactly follow the sensitivity of human eye. Hence I predict that sooner or later someone will patent the right proportion of sensors without specifying the exact geometric shape. And indeed it’s possible that the exact layout of the sensors will be random (while preserving the right proportions).
Nevertheless, the presented design doesn’t exactly follow the sensitivity of human eye. Hence I predict that sooner or later someone will patent the right proportion of sensors without specifying the exact geometric shape. And indeed it’s possible that the exact layout of the sensors will be random (while preserving the right proportions).
neděle 9. února 2014
Zpoveď
Paní H., zazlívám Vám jednu věc. Jak jsme týden co týden psali slohová cvičení, vytvořil jsem si závislost. Kupříkladu ulehnu do lóže, ale neusnu, protože v mysli neustále vylepšuji nějaký příběh. A jediné co pomáhá, je vstát, usednout za židli a vypsat se. Teprve jakmile jsou myšlenky vyexportovány na papír a zvalidovány, že export proběhl úspěšně, mohu se jít věnovat původně zamýšlené činnosti, spánku. U mně vypsat a vyspat často znamená totéž.
Nebo jsem s kamarády a chci se bavit, ale nějaká myšlenka se mi do mysli neustále vrací jako moucha na exkrement. A jediný způsob, jak se jí zbavit, je jí sdělit kamarádům nebo papíru. Kdyby to byly alespoň náležité myšlenky, které by společnost pobavili. Ale ono ne, ty myšlenky jsou akorát tak hodny papíru. Asi jsme měli více konverzovat a méně psát.
Přihlásit se k odběru:
Příspěvky (Atom)